Using Shared Load Balancers (Entry Level)¶
Scenarios¶
You have a web application that is deployed on two ECSs, and the application often needs to handle a heavy load.
You can create a shared load balancer to distribute traffic across the two ECSs, which eliminates SPOFs and makes your application more available.
Prerequisites¶
You have added security group rules to allow traffic from the ports used by the two ECSs. (Alternatively, you can enable all ports first and then disable the ports that are no longer used after service deployment.)
The security group containing the two ECSs allows traffic from 100.125.0.0/16. (ELB uses these IP addresses to perform health checks and route requests to backend servers.)
Caution
Shared load balancers: If Transfer Client IP Address is enabled for a TCP or UDP listener, there is no need to configure security group rules and Firewall rules to allow traffic from 100.125.0.0/16 and client IP addresses to backend servers.
Dedicated load balancers: If IP as a Backend is not enabled for a load balancer that has a TCP or UDP listener, there is no need to configure security group rules and Firewall rules to allow traffic from the backend subnet where the load balancer is deployed to the backend servers.
Creating ECSs¶
ECSs are used as backend servers.
Each ECS needs an EIP for accessing the Internet, and the EIP is used for configuring the application on the ECS. You can determine whether to bind an EIP to each ECS based on your requirements.
Log in to the management console.
In the upper left corner of the page, click
and select the desired region and project.Click
in the upper left corner to display Service List and choose Computing > Elastic Cloud Server.Click Create ECS, configure the parameters, and click Create Now.
The following table lists the specifications of the two ECSs.
Table 1 ECS specifications¶ Item
Example Value
Name
ECS01 and ECS02
OS
CentOS 7.2 64bit
vCPUs
2
Memory
4 GB
System disk
40 GB
Data disk
100 GB
Bandwidth
5 Mbit/s
Submit your request.
Deploying the Application¶
Deploy Nginx on the two ECSs and edit two HTML pages so that a page with message "Welcome to ELB test page one!" is returned when ECS01 is accessed, and the other page with message "Welcome to ELB test page two!" is returned when ECS02 is accessed.
Log in to the ECSs.
Install and start Nginx.
Run the wget command to download the Nginx installation package for your operating system in use. CentOS 7.6 is used as an example here.
wget http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
Run the following command to create the Nginx yum repository:
rpm -ivh nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
Run the following command to install Nginx:
yum -y install nginx
Run the following commands to start Nginx and configure automatic Nginx enabling upon ECS startup:
systemctl start nginx systemctl enable nginx
Enter http://EIP bound to the ECS in the address box of your browser. If the following page is displayed, Nginx has been installed.
Figure 1 Nginx installed successfully¶
Modify the HTML page of ECS01.
Modify the index.html file in the default root directory of Nginx /usr/share/nginx/html to identify access to ECS01.
Open the index.html file.
vim /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
Press i to enter editing mode.
Modify the index.html file to be as follows:
... <body> <h1>Welcome to <strong>ELB</strong> test page one!</h1> <div class="content"> <p>This page is used to test the <strong>ELB</strong>!</p> <div class="alert"> <h2>ELB01</h2> <div class="content"> <p><strong>ELB test (page one)!</strong></p> <p><strong>ELB test (page one)!</strong></p> <p><strong>ELB test (page one)!</strong></p> </div> </div> </div> </body>Press Esc to exit editing mode. Then, enter :wq to save the settings and exit the file.
Modify the HTML page of ECS02.
Modify the index.html file in the default root directory of Nginx /usr/share/nginx/html to identify access to ECS02.
Open the index.html file.
vim /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
Press i to enter editing mode.
Modify the index.html file to be as follows:
... <body> <h1>Welcome to <strong>ELB</strong> test page two!</h1> <div class="content"> <p>This page is used to test the <strong>ELB</strong>!</p> <div class="alert"> <h2>ELB02</h2> <div class="content"> <p><strong>ELB test (page two)!</strong></p> <p><strong>ELB test (page two)!</strong></p> <p><strong>ELB test (page two)!</strong></p> </div> </div> </div> </body>Press Esc to exit editing mode. Then, enter :wq to save the settings and exit the file.
Use your browser to access http://ECS01 EIP and http://ECS02 EIP to verify that Nginx has been deployed.
If the modified HTML pages are displayed, Nginx has been deployed.
Creating a Load Balancer¶
The load balancer needs an EIP to access the application deployed on the ECSs over the Internet. You can determine whether to bind an EIP to the load balancer based on your requirements. For details, see Load Balancing on a Public or Private Network.
In the upper left corner of the page, click
and select the desired region and project.Click
in the upper left corner to display Service List and choose Network > Elastic Load Balancing.Click Create Elastic Load Balancer and then configure the parameters.
Click Create Now.
Confirm the configuration and submit your request.
View the newly created load balancer in the load balancer list.
Adding a Listener¶
Add a listener to the created load balancer. When you add the listener, create a backend server group, configure a health check, and add the two ECSs to the created backend server group.
Figure 4 Traffic forwarding¶
Click
in the upper left corner to display Service List and choose Network > Elastic Load Balancing.Locate the created load balancer (elb-01) and click its name.
Under Listeners, click Add Listener.
Configure the listener and click Next.
Name: Enter a name, for example, listener-HTTP.
Frontend Protocol/Port: Select a protocol and enter a port for the load balancer to receive requests. For example, set it to HTTP and 80.
Figure 5 Adding a listener¶
Create a backend server group and configure a health check.
Backend server group
Name: Enter a name, for example, server_group-ELB.
Load Balancing Algorithm: Select an algorithm that the load balancer will use to route requests, for example, Weighted round robin.
Health check
Health Check Protocol: Select a protocol for the load balancer to perform health checks on backend servers. If the load balancer uses TCP, HTTP, or HTTPS to receive requests, the health check protocol can be TCP or HTTP. Here we use HTTP as an example.
Domain Name: Enter a domain name that will be used for health checks, for example, www.example.com.
Health Check Port: Enter a port for the load balancer to perform health checks on backend servers, for example, 80.
Click the name of the newly added listener. On the Backend Server Groups tab page on the right, click Add.
Select the servers you want to add, set the backend port, and click Finish.
Backend servers: Select ECS01 and ECS02.
Backend port: Set it to 80. Backend servers will use this port to communicate with the load balancer.
Verifying Load Balancing¶
After the load balancer is configured, you can access the domain name to check whether the two ECSs are accessible.
Modify the C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts file on your PC to map the domain name to the load balancer EIP.
View the load balancer EIP on the Summary page of the load balancer.
Figure 6 hosts file on your PC¶
On the CLI of your PC, run the following command to check whether the domain name is mapped to the load balancer EIP:
ping www.example.com
If data packets are returned, the domain name has been mapped to the load balancer EIP.
Use your browser to access http://www.example.com. If the following page is displayed, the load balancer has routed the request to ECS01.
Figure 7 Accessing ECS01¶
Use your browser to access http://www.example.com. If the following page is displayed, the load balancer has routed the request to ECS02.
Figure 8 Accessing ECS02¶