Enabling Alarm Notifications¶
After alarm notification is enabled, you can receive alarm notifications sent by HSS to learn about security risks facing your servers and web pages. Without this function, you have to log in to the management console to view alarms.
Alarm notification settings are effective only for the current region. To receive notifications from another region, switch to that region and configure alarm notification.
Alarm notifications may be mistakenly blocked. If you have enabled notifications but not received any, check whether they have been blocked as spasms.
Enabling Alarm Notifications¶
Log in to the management console.
Click
in the upper left corner of the page, select a region, and choose Security > Host Security Service. The HSS page is displayed.In the navigation pane, choose Installation & Configuration. Click the Alarm Notifications tab.. For more information, see Table 1.
Table 1 Alarm configurations¶ Notification Item
Description
Suggestion
Daily alarm notification
HSS scans the accounts, web directories, vulnerabilities, malicious programs, and key configurations in the server system at 00:00 every day, and sends the summarized detection results to the recipients you set in SMN, depending on which one you chose.
To view notification items, click View Default Daily Notification Events.
It is recommended that you receive and periodically check all the content in the daily alarm notification to eliminate risks in a timely manner.
Daily alarm notifications contain a lot of check items. If you want to send the notifications to recipients set in an SMN topic, you are advised to set the topic protocol to Email.
Real-time alarm notification
When an attacker intrudes a server, alarms are sent to the recipients you set in SMN, depending on which one you chose.
To view notification items, click View Default Real-time Notification Events.
It is recommended that you receive all the content in the real-time alarm notification and view them in time. The system monitors the security of servers in real time, detects the attacker's intrusion, and sends real-time alarm notifications for you to quickly handle the problem.
Real-time alarm notifications are about urgent issues. If you want to send the notifications to recipients set in an SMN topic, you are advised to set the topic protocol to SMS.
Severity
Select the severities of alarms that you want to be notified of.
All
Masked Events
Select the events that you do not wish to be notified of.
Select events to be masked from the drop-down list box.
Determine the events to be masked based on the description in Alarm Notifications.
Select the alarm notification mode.
Use SMN topic settings
Select an available topic from the drop-down list or click View Topics and create a topic.
You can create multiple notification topics based on the O&M plan and alarm notification type to receive different types of alarm notifications. For details about topics and subscriptions, see the Simple Message Notification User Guide.
Click Apply. A message will be displayed indicating that the alarm notification is set successfully.
Alarm Notifications¶
Daily Alarm Notifications
The service checks risks in your servers in the early morning every day, summarizes and collects detection results, and sends the results to your mobile phone or email box at 10:00 every day.
Table 2 Daily alarm notification¶ Type
Item
Description
Assets
Dangerous ports
Check for high-risk open ports and unnecessary ports.
Agent not installed
Check for servers with no HSS agent installed, and remind you to install the agent on these servers in a timely manner.
Vulnerabilities
Critical vulnerabilities
Detect critical vulnerabilities and fix them in a timely manner.
Unsafe settings
Unsafe configurations
Detect unsafe settings of key applications that will probably be exploited by hackers to intrude servers.
Common weak passwords
Detect weak passwords in MySQL, FTP, and system accounts.
Intrusions
Unclassified malware
Check and handle detected malicious programs all in one place, including web shells, Trojan, mining software, worms, and viruses.
Rootkits
Detect server assets and report alarms for suspicious kernel modules, files, and folders.
Ransomware
Check for ransomware in media such as web pages, software, emails, and storage media.
Ransomware can encrypt and control your data assets, such as documents, emails, databases, source code, images, and compressed files, to leverage victim extortion.
Web shells
Check whether the files (often PHP and JSP files) detected by HSS in your web directories are web shells.
Web shell information includes the Trojan file path, status, first discovery time, and last discovery time. You can choose to ignore warning on trusted files.
You can use the manual detection function to detect web shells on servers.
Reverse shells
Monitor user process behaviors in real time to detect reverse shells caused by invalid connections.
Reverse shells can be detected for protocols including TCP, UDP, and ICMP.
Redis vulnerability exploits
Detect the modifications made by the Redis process on key directories in real time and report alarms.
Hadoop vulnerability exploits
Detect the modifications made by the Hadoop process on key directories in real time and report alarms.
MySQL vulnerability exploits
Detect the modifications made by the MySQL process on key directories in real time and report alarms.
File privilege escalations
Check the file privilege escalations in your system.
Process privilege escalations
The following process privilege escalation operations can be detected:
Root privilege escalation by exploiting SUID program vulnerabilities
Root privilege escalation by exploiting kernel vulnerabilities
Important file changes
Receive alarms when critical system files are modified.
File/Directory change
System files and directories are monitored. If a file or directory is modified, an alarm is generated, indicating that the file or directory may be tampered with.
Abnormal process behaviors
Check the processes on servers, including their IDs, command lines, process paths, and behavior.
Send alarms on unauthorized process operations and intrusions.
The following abnormal process behavior can be detected:
Abnormal CPU usage
Processes accessing malicious IP addresses
Abnormal increase in concurrent process connections
High-risk command executions
Check executed commands in real time and generate alarms if high-risk commands are detected.
Abnormal shells
Detect actions on abnormal shells, including moving, copying, and deleting shell files, and modifying the access permissions and hard links of the files.
Suspicious crontab tasks
Check and list auto-started services, scheduled tasks, pre-loaded dynamic libraries, run registry keys, and startup folders.
You can get notified immediately when abnormal automatic auto-start items are detected and quickly locate Trojans.
Container image blocking
If a container contains insecure images specified in suspicious image behaviors, an alarm will be generated and the insecure images will be blocked before a container is started in Docker.
Brute-force attacks
Check for brute-force attack attempts and successful brute-force attacks.
Detect password cracking attacks on accounts and block attacking IP addresses to prevent server intrusion.
Trigger an alarm if a user logs in to the server by a brute-force attack.
Abnormal logins
Check and handle remote logins.
If a user's login location is not any common login location you set, an alarm will be triggered.
Invalid accounts
Scan accounts on servers and list suspicious accounts in a timely manner.
Vulnerability escapes
The service reports an alarm if it detects container process behavior that matches the behavior of known vulnerabilities (such as Dirty COW, brute-force attack, runC, and shocker).
File escapes
The service reports an alarm if it detects that a container process accesses a key file directory (for example, /etc/shadow or /etc/crontab). Directories that meet the container directory mapping rules can also trigger such alarms.
Abnormal container processes
Container services are usually simple. If you are sure that only specific processes run in a container, you can add the processes to the whitelist of a policy, and associate the policy with the container.
The service reports an alarm if it detects that a process not in the whitelist is running in the container.
Abnormal container startups
Check for unsafe parameter settings used during container startup.
Certain startup parameters specify container permissions. If their settings are inappropriate, they may be exploited by attackers to intrude containers.
High-risk system calls
Users can run tasks in kernels by Linux system calls. The service reports an alarm if it detects a high-risk call, such as open_by_handle_at, ptrace, setns, and reboot.
Sensitive file access
Detect suspicious access behaviors (such as privilege escalation and persistence) on important files.
Web page tampering prevention for Windows servers
Protect the static web page files on your Windows website servers from malicious modification.
Web page tampering prevention for Linux servers
Protect the static web page files on your Linux website servers from malicious modification.
Dynamic WTP
Protect the static web page files on your Windows and Linux website servers from malicious modification.
Application protection
Protect running applications. You simply need to add probes to applications, without having to modify application files.
Currently, only Linux servers are supported, and only Java applications can be connected.
Virus scan
Generates alarms for detected virus-infected files.
Real-Time Alarm Notifications
When an event occurs, an alarm notification is immediately sent.
Table 3 Real-time alarm notification¶ Notification Item
Item
Description
Intrusions
Unclassified malware
Check and handle detected malicious programs all in one place, including web shells, Trojans, mining software, worms, and viruses.
Rootkits
Detect server assets and report alarms for suspicious kernel modules, files, and folders.
Ransomware
Check for ransomware in media such as web pages, software, emails, and storage media.
Ransomware can encrypt and control your data assets, such as documents, emails, databases, source code, images, and compressed files, to leverage victim extortion.
Web shells
Check whether the files (often PHP and JSP files) detected by HSS in your web directories are web shells.
Web shell information includes the Trojan file path, status, first discovery time, and last discovery time. You can choose to ignore warning on trusted files.
You can use the manual detection function to detect web shells on servers.
Reverse shells
Monitor user process behaviors in real time to detect reverse shells caused by invalid connections.
Reverse shells can be detected for protocols including TCP, UDP, and ICMP.
Redis vulnerability exploits
Detect the modifications made by the Redis process on key directories in real time and report alarms.
Hadoop vulnerability exploits
Detect the modifications made by the Hadoop process on key directories in real time and report alarms.
MySQL vulnerability exploits
Detect the modifications made by the MySQL process on key directories in real time and report alarms.
File privilege escalations
Check the file privilege escalations in your system.
Process privilege escalations
The following process privilege escalation operations can be detected:
Root privilege escalation by exploiting SUID program vulnerabilities
Root privilege escalation by exploiting kernel vulnerabilities
Critical file changes
Receive alarms when critical system files are modified.
File/Directory changes
System files and directories are monitored. When a file or directory is modified, an alarm is generated, indicating that the file or directory may be tampered with.
Abnormal process behavior detection
Check the processes on servers, including their IDs, command lines, process paths, and behavior.
Send alarms on unauthorized process operations and intrusions.
The following abnormal process behavior can be detected:
Abnormal CPU usage
Processes accessing malicious IP addresses
Abnormal increase in concurrent process connections
Detecting High-Risk Command Execution
Check executed commands in real time and generate alarms if high-risk commands are detected.
Abnormal shell detection
Detect actions on abnormal shells, including moving, copying, and deleting shell files, and modifying the access permissions and hard links of the files.
Suspicious crontab tasks
Check and list auto-started services, scheduled tasks, pre-loaded dynamic libraries, run registry keys, and startup folders.
You can get notified immediately when abnormal automatic auto-start items are detected and quickly locate Trojans.
Container image blocking
If a container contains insecure images specified in suspicious image behaviors, an alarm will be generated and the insecure images will be blocked before a container is started in Docker.
Exception Stat
Check and handle remote logins.
If a user's login location is not any common login location you set, an alarm will be triggered.
Invalid account
Scan accounts on servers and list suspicious accounts in a timely manner.
Vulnerability escapes
The service reports an alarm if it detects container process behavior that matches the behavior of known vulnerabilities (such as Dirty COW, brute-force attack, runC, and shocker).
File escapes
The service reports an alarm if it detects that a container process accesses a key file directory (for example, /etc/shadow or /etc/crontab). Directories that meet the container directory mapping rules can also trigger such alarms.
Abnormal container processes
Container services are usually simple. If you are sure that only specific processes run in a container, you can add the processes to the whitelist of a policy, and associate the policy with the container.
The service reports an alarm if it detects that a process not in the whitelist is running in the container.
Abnormal container startups
Check for unsafe parameter settings used during container startup.
Certain startup parameters specify container permissions. If their settings are inappropriate, they may be exploited by attackers to intrude containers.
High-risk system calls
Users can run tasks in kernels by Linux system calls. The service reports an alarm if it detects a high-risk call, such as open_by_handle_at, ptrace, setns, and reboot.
Sensitive file access
Detect suspicious access behaviors (such as privilege escalation and persistence) on important files.
Web page tampering prevention for Windows servers
Protect the static web page files on your Windows website servers from malicious modification.
Web page tampering prevention for Linux servers
Protect the static web page files on your Linux website servers from malicious modification.
Dynamic WTP
Protect the static web page files on your Windows and Linux website servers from malicious modification.
Application protection
Protect running applications. You simply need to add probes to applications, without having to modify application files.
Currently, only Linux servers are supported, and only Java applications can be connected.
Auto Blocking
Notify users of successful automatic isolation and killing of malicious programs, automatic blocking of ransomware, and automatic blocking of WTP.
Login
Success login
Notifications are sent to accounts that have successfully logged in.