Obtaining Metadata

Scenarios

ECS metadata includes basic information of an ECS on the cloud platform, such as the ECS ID, hostname, and network information. ECS metadata can be obtained using either OpenStack or EC2 compatible APIs, as shown in Table 1. The following describes the URI and methods of using the supported ECS metadata.

Notes

If the metadata contains sensitive data, take appropriate measures to protect the sensitive data, for example, controlling access permissions and encrypting the data.

Perform the following configuration on the firewall:

  • Windows

    If you need to assign permissions only to the administrator to access custom data, enable the firewall as an administrator and run the following commands in PowerShell:

    PS C:\>$RejectPrincipal = New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Principal.NTAccount ("Everyone")

    PS C:\>$RejectPrincipalSID = $RejectPrincipal.Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]).Value

    PS C:\>$ExceptPrincipal = New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Principal.NTAccount ("Administrator")

    PS C:\>$ExceptPrincipalSID = $ExceptPrincipal.Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]).Value

    PS C:\>$PrincipalSDDL = "O:LSD:(D;;CC;;;$ExceptPrincipalSID)(A;;CC;;;$RejectPrincipalSID)"

    PS C:\>New-NetFirewallRule -DisplayName "Reject metadata service for $($RejectPrincipal.Value), exception: $($ExceptPrincipal.Value)" -Action block -Direction out -Protocol TCP -RemoteAddress 169.254.169.254 -LocalUser $PrincipalSDDL

  • Linux

    If you need to assign permissions only to user root to access custom data, run the following command as user root:

    iptables --append OUTPUT --proto tcp --destination 169.254.169.254 --match owner ! --uid-owner root --jump REJECT

ECS Metadata Types

Table 1 does not contain the following metadata items: ami-id, ami-launch-index, ami-manifest-path, block-device-mapping/, instance-action, instance-id, reservation-id, ramdisk-id, and kernel-id. These metadata items are meaningless and are not recommended.

Table 1 ECS metadata types

Metadata Type

Metadata Item

Description

OpenStack

/meta_data.json

Displays ECS metadata.

For the key fields in the ECS metadata, see Table 2.

OpenStack

/password

Displays the password for logging in to an ECS.

This metadata is used by Cloudbase-Init to store ciphertext passwords during initialization of key-pair-authenticated Windows ECSs.

OpenStack

/user_data

Displays ECS user data.

This metadata allows you to specify scripts and configuration files for initializing ECSs. For details, see Passing User Data to ECSs.

For password-authenticated Linux ECSs, this metadata is used to save password injection scripts.

OpenStack

/network_data.json

Displays ECS network information.

OpenStack

/securitykey

Obtains temporary AKs and SKs.

Before enabling an ECS to obtain a temporary AK and SK, authorize agency permissions to the op_svc_ecs account and ECSs in IAM.

Note

You can determine what permissions are granted to the agency based on the principal of least privilege (PoLP).

ECSs will not use agencies to perform operations on resources.

EC2-compatible

/meta-data/hostname

Displays the name of the host accommodating an ECS.

To remove the suffix .novalocal from an ECS, see:

Is an ECS Hostname with Suffix .novalocal Normal?

EC2-compatible

/meta-data/local-hostname

The meaning of this field is the same as that of hostname.

EC2-compatible

/meta-data/public-hostname

The meaning of this field is the same as that of hostname.

EC2-compatible

/meta-data/instance-type

Displays an ECS flavor.

EC2-compatible

/meta-data/local-ipv4

Displays the fixed IP address of an ECS.

If there are multiple NICs, only the IP address of the primary NIC is displayed.

EC2-compatible

/meta-data/placement/availability-zone

Displays the AZ accommodating an ECS.

EC2-compatible

/meta-data/public-ipv4

Displays the EIP bound to the ECS.

If there are multiple NICs, only the EIP of the primary NIC is displayed.

EC2-compatible

/meta-data/public-keys/0/openssh-key

Displays the public key of an ECS.

EC2-compatible

/user-data

Displays ECS user data.

EC2-compatible

/meta-data/security-groups

Displays the security group of an ECS.

Table 2 Metadata key fields

Parameter

Type

Description

uuid

String

Specifies an ECS ID.

availability_zone

String

Specifies the AZ where an ECS locates.

meta

Dict

Specifies the metadata information, including the image name, image ID, and VPC ID.

hostname

String

Specifies the name of the host accommodating an ECS.

To remove the suffix .novalocal from an ECS, see:

Is an ECS Hostname with Suffix .novalocal Normal?

Prerequisites

  • The target ECS has been logged in.

  • Security group rules in the outbound direction meet the following requirements:

    • Protocol: TCP

    • Port: 80

    • Destination: 169.254.0.0/16

    Note

    If you use the default security group rules for the outbound direction, the metadata can be accessed because the default rules meet the preceding requirements. For details about the default security group rules for the outbound direction, see Default Security Groups and Rules.

Metadata (OpenStack Metadata API)

This API is used to query ECS metadata.

  • URI

    /169.254.169.254/openstack/latest/meta_data.json

  • Usage method

    Supports GET requests.

  • Example

    To use cURL to view Linux ECS metadata, run the following command:

    curl http://169.254.169.254/openstack/latest/meta_data.json

    To use Invoke-RestMethod to view Windows ECS metadata, run the following command:

    Invoke-RestMethod http://169.254.169.254/openstack/latest/meta_data.json | ConvertTo-Json

    {
    "random_seed": "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",
    "uuid": "ca9e8b7c-f2be-4b6d-a639-f10b4d994d04",
    "availability_zone": "lt-test-1c",
    "hostname": "ecs-ddd4.novalocal",
    "launch_index": 0,
    "meta": {
        "metering.image_id": "3a64bd37-955e-40cd-ab9e-129db56bc05d",
        "metering.imagetype": "gold",
        "metering.resourcespeccode": "s3.medium.2.linux",
        "image_name": "CentOS 7.6 64bit",
        "metering.resourcetype": "1",
        "vpc_id": "3b6c201f-aeb3-4bce-b841-64756e66cb49",
        "os_bit": "64",
        "cascaded.instance_extrainfo": "pcibridge:1",
        "os_type": "Linux",
        "charging_mode": "0"
    },
    "project_id": "6e8b0c94265645f39c5abbe63c4113c6",
    "name": "ecs-ddd4"
}

User Data (OpenStack Metadata API)

This API is used to query ECS user data. The value is configured only when you create an ECS. It cannot be changed after the configuration.

  • URI

    /169.254.169.254/openstack/latest/user_data

  • Usage method

    Supports GET requests.

  • Example

    Linux:

    curl http://169.254.169.254/openstack/latest/user_data

    Windows:

    Invoke-RestMethod http://169.254.169.254/openstack/latest/user_data

    ICAgICAgDQoiQSBjbG91ZCBkb2VzIG5vdCBrbm93IHdoeSBpdCBtb3ZlcyBpbiBqdXN0IHN1Y2ggYSBkaXJlY3Rpb24gYW5kIGF0IHN1Y2ggYSBzcGVlZC4uLkl0IGZlZWxzIGFuIGltcHVsc2lvbi4uLnRoaXMgaXMgdGhlIHBsYWNlIHRvIGdvIG5vdy4gQnV0IHRoZSBza3kga25vd3MgdGhlIHJlYXNvbnMgYW5kIHRoZSBwYXR0ZXJucyBiZWhpbmQgYWxsIGNsb3VkcywgYW5kIHlvdSB3aWxsIGtub3csIHRvbywgd2hlbiB5b3UgbGlmdCB5b3Vyc2VsZiBoaWdoIGVub3VnaCB0byBzZWUgYmV5b25kIGhvcml6b25zLiINCg0KLVJpY2hhcmQgQmFjaA==

    Note

    If user data was not passed to the ECS during ECS creation, the query result is 404.

    **Figure 1** 404 Not Found

    Figure 1 404 Not Found

Network Data (OpenStack Metadata API)

This API is used to query information about all NICs attached to an ECS, including their DNS server addresses, network bandwidth, IDs, private IP addresses, EIPs, and MAC addresses.

  • URI

    /openstack/latest/network_data.json

  • Usage method

    Supports GET requests.

  • Example

    Note

    instance_max_bandwidth and instance_min_bandwidth are in the unit of Mbit/s. If the value is -1, the bandwidth is not limited.

    Linux:

    curl http://169.254.169.254/openstack/latest/network_data.json

    Windows:

    Invoke-RestMethod http://169.254.169.254/openstack/latest/network_data.json | ConvertTo-Json

    {
    "services": [{
        "type": "dns",
        "address": "xxx.xx.x.x"
    },
    {
        "type": "dns",
        "address": "100.125.21.250"
    }],
    "qos":{
        "instance_min_bandwidth": 100,
        "instance_max_bandwidth": 500
    },
    "networks": [{
        "network_id": "67dc10ce-441f-4592-9a80-cc709f6436e7",
        "type": "ipv4_dhcp",
        "link": "tap68a9272d-71",
        "id": "network0"
    }],
    "links": [{
        "vif_id": "68a9272d-7152-4ae7-a138-3ef53af669e7",
        "ethernet_mac_address": "fa:16:3e:f7:c1:47",
        "mtu": null,
        "type": "cascading",
        "id": "tap68a9272d-71"
    }]
}

Security Key (OpenStack Metadata API)

This API is used to obtain temporary AKs and SKs.

Note

  • If an ECS needs to obtain a temporary AK and SK, go to the ECS details page, and configure Agency for the ECS in the Management Information area so that the ECS is authorized on IAM.

  • The validity period of a temporary AK and SK is one hour. The temporary AK and SK are updated 10 minutes ahead of the expiration time. During the 10 minutes, both the new and old temporary AKs and SKs can be used.

  • When using temporary AKs and SKs, add 'X-Security-Token':{securitytoken} in the message header. securitytoken is the value returned when a call is made to the API.

  • URI

    /openstack/latest/securitykey

  • Usage method

    Supports GET requests.

  • Examples

    Linux:

    curl http://169.254.169.254/openstack/latest/securitykey

    Windows:

    Invoke-RestMethod http://169.254.169.254/openstack/latest/securitykey

User Data (EC2 Compatible API)

This API is used to query ECS user data. The value is configured only when you create an ECS. It cannot be changed after the configuration.

  • URI

    /169.254.169.254/latest/user-data

  • Usage method

    Supports GET requests.

  • Example

    Linux:

    curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/user-data

    Windows:

    Invoke-RestMethod http://169.254.169.254/latest/user-data

    ICAgICAgDQoiQSBjbG91ZCBkb2VzIG5vdCBrbm93IHdoeSBpdCBtb3ZlcyBpbiBqdXN0IHN1Y2ggYSBkaXJlY3Rpb24gYW5kIGF0IHN1Y2ggYSBzcGVlZC4uLkl0IGZlZWxzIGFuIGltcHVsc2lvbi4uLnRoaXMgaXMgdGhlIHBsYWNlIHRvIGdvIG5vdy4gQnV0IHRoZSBza3kga25vd3MgdGhlIHJlYXNvbnMgYW5kIHRoZSBwYXR0ZXJucyBiZWhpbmQgYWxsIGNsb3VkcywgYW5kIHlvdSB3aWxsIGtub3csIHRvbywgd2hlbiB5b3UgbGlmdCB5b3Vyc2VsZiBoaWdoIGVub3VnaCB0byBzZWUgYmV5b25kIGhvcml6b25zLiINCg0KLVJpY2hhcmQgQmFjaA==

Hostname (EC2 Compatible API)

This API is used to query the name of the host accommodating an ECS. The .novalocal suffix will be added later.

  • URI

    /169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/hostname

  • Usage method

    Supports GET requests.

  • Example

    Linux:

    curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/hostname

    Windows:

    Invoke-RestMethod http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/hostname

    vm-test.novalocal

Instance Type (EC2 Compatible API)

This API is used to query an ECS flavor.

  • URI

    /169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/instance-type

  • Usage method

    Supports GET requests.

  • Example

    Linux:

    curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/instance-type

    Windows:

    Invoke-RestMethod http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/instance-type

    s3.medium.2

Local IPv4 (EC2 Compatible API)

This API is used to query the fixed IP address of an ECS. If there are multiple NICs, only the IP address of the primary NIC is displayed.

  • URI

    /169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/local-ipv4

  • Usage method

    Supports GET requests.

  • Example

    Linux:

    curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/local-ipv4

    Windows:

    Invoke-RestMethod http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/local-ipv4

    192.1.1.2

Availability Zone (EC2 Compatible API)

This API is used to query the AZ accommodating an ECS.

  • URI

    /169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/placement/availability-zone

  • Usage method

    Supports GET requests.

  • Example

    Linux:

    curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/placement/availability-zone

    Windows:

    Invoke-RestMethod http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/placement/availability-zone

    az1.dc1

Public IPv4 (EC2 Compatible API)

This API is used to query the EIP bound to an ECS. If there are multiple NICs, only the EIP of the primary NIC is displayed.

  • URI

    /169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/public-ipv4

  • Usage method

    Supports GET requests.

  • Example

    Linux:

    curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/public-ipv4

    Windows:

    Invoke-RestMethod http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/public-ipv4

    46.1.1.2

Public Keys (EC2 Compatible API)

This API is used to query the public key of an ECS.

  • URI

    /169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/public-keys/0/openssh-key

  • Usage method

    Supports GET requests.

  • Example

    Linux:

    curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/public-keys/0/openssh-key

    Windows:

    Invoke-RestMethod http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/public-keys/0/openssh-key

    ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDI5Fw5k8Fgzajn1zJwLoV3+wMP+6CyvsSiIc/hioggSnYu/AD0Yqm8vVO0kWlun1rFbdO+QUZKyVr/OPUjQSw4SRh4qsTKf/+eFoWTjplFvd1WCBZzS/WRenxIwR00KkczHSJro763+wYcwKieb4eKRxaQoQvoFgVjLBULXAjH4eKoKTVNtMXAvPP9aMy2SLgsJNtMb9ArfziAiblQynq7UIfLnN3VclzPeiWrqtzjyOp6CPUXnL0lVPTvbLe8sUteBsJZwlL6K4i+Y0lf3ryqnmQgC21yW4Dzu+kwk8FVT2MgWkCwiZd8gQ/+uJzrJFyMfUOBIklOBfuUENIJUhAB Generated-by-Nova
last updated: 2024-11-13 15:01 UTC - commit: cd2be11cc19cf5d8dfd3a6caf2d1429e1bff9d8a